This paper compares the images captured with different spectral range sensors to test the potential of this technology for archaeological benefits. The sensors have different spectral ranges and spatial resolutions. Six drone sensors were tested and compared in terms of their ability to identify buried remains in archaeological settlements by means of visual recognition. Thus, in this study, we have combined in-house manufacturing with commercial products. Two different drone systems were used: a Mikrokopter designed by Tecnitop SA (Zaragoza, Spain) and an eBee produced by SenseFly Company (Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland). This paper presents experimentation carried out at the Roman Republican city of La Caridad (Teruel, Spain), where different tools have been applied to obtain multispectral and thermal aerial images to enhance detection of archaeological cropmarks. The integration between the two techniques may prove fruitful in limiting the extension of the areas to be investigated with terrestrial survey techniques. The study demonstrates how the use of vegetation maps-calculated starting from RGB and multispectral aerial photos-can provide a more expeditious preliminary analysis on the position and extension of areas characterized by the presence of buried structures, but also that, in order to investigate in-depth a context in similar conditions, the most effective approach remains the one based on LiDAR technology. Since a dense pine forest was planted during the 1940s and is currently covering the site, this contribution investigates particularly the correlation among the presence of cropmarks, identifiable with the processing of multispectral maps and vegetation indices from RGB images, and earthwork anomalies identified in a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) built, by utilizing a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) flight from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Particular attention in the research was paid to the identification and documentation of traces that buried structures left on the surface occupied by the villa, which extended for 46 hectares, an area that was fully covered with structures. This project aimed to systematically investigate the archaeological remains of the imperial Domitian villa in Sabaudia (Italy), using different three-dimensional survey techniques. Based on the information found in more than 100 published articles and on our own research, a discussion is provided regarding the challenges that have already been overcome and the main research gaps that still remain, together with some suggestions for future research. This article presents a critical overview of the main advancements on the subject, focusing on the strategies that have been used to extract the information contained in the images captured during the flights. Indeed, the use of UAVs for monitoring and assessing crops, orchards, and forests has been growing steadily during the last decade, especially for the management of stresses such as water, diseases, nutrition deficiencies, and pests. Their use in agriculture is particularly suitable, as those areas are often vast, making ground scouting difficult, and sparsely populated, which means that injury and privacy risks are not as important as in urban settings. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a valuable tool to collect data in a variety of contexts. The results of the study are calculated Digital Surface Model and index maps respectively for each month. The images were captured by multispectral and a thermal camera and later processed in Pix4Dmapper. The agricultural fields were mapped in April, June and July. The survey was carried out by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) eBee by senseFly owned by the Department of Geomatics. It has been claimed by agronomists that there might be still water causing drainage to some crops. The purpose of the study is to analyse the development of certain crops. The location has been chosen for its historical and archaeological significance as it was fortified in the past and numerous battles took place in the 17 th century. The area is located in the west part of the Czech Republic, near the village of Vysoké Sedliště. It regards a corn and rye fields, surrounded by grass and forests. The chosen study field has been monitored for the past two years. Better techniques and solutions have been sought by scientists in order to improve yields, preserve the environment and therefore increase the potential of agriculture. Photogrammetry has been used for numerous engineering tasks and for the past decade the UAV photogrammetry, in particular, has proved to be applicable in the sphere of agriculture. The following article aims at presenting a new photogrammetric application for precision agriculture.
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